Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects many thousands of people in Scotland.
Many adults in Scotland have been diagnosed with COPD, but we know many others are living with symptoms which have not yet been diagnosed.
Although there is no cure, there is a lot that you can do to manage your condition with the support of health professionals, carers and family.
For more information on COPD, see:
- Asthma & Lung UK – What is COPD?
- Chest Heart & Stroke Scotland – COPD Information and Support
- My Lungs My Life – What is COPD?
What causes COPD?
The leading cause of COPD is smoking. In the UK, about eight in 10 people diagnosed with COPD are current or former smokers.
However, smoking isn’t the only factor. COPD can also develop due to:
- Poor air quality
- Workplace exposure to dust
- Chemicals or fumes
- Genetic influence
What are the symptoms of COPD?
COPD gradually makes breathing more difficult, and many people don’t notice symptoms until they reach their late 40s.
Common symptoms include:
- increasing shortness of breath
- wheezing
- frequent production of sputum (phlegm)
- a persistent cough
Other possible signs are:
- repeated chest infections
- unintended weight loss
- ongoing tiredness or fatigue
How is COPD treated?
If you smoke, stopping is the most important first step, as it slows further lung damage. In early COPD, quitting may be the only treatment needed.
COPD can’t be cured, but treatment can:
- ease symptoms
- prevent worsening
- reduce flare‑ups
Your treatment plan depends on your symptoms and disease severity, and it may take time to find what works best.
Most COPD medicines are inhaled through inhalers or nebulisers to deliver medication directly to the lungs. Other options include:
- mucolytics to thin phlegm
- short courses of steroid tablets for flare‑ups
- antibiotics if an infection triggers symptoms
Pulmonary rehabilitation – a structured programme of exercise and education – is one of the most effective treatments. It improves breathlessness, fitness, and overall quality of life.
Being knowledgeable about your COPD helps you to self-manage independently or with the support of your healthcare professionals.
Your COPD review
The NHS Ayrshire & Arran COPD Review leaflet is available online and via your GP surgery or hospital clinic.
The leaflet:
- aims to help you get the most from your respiratory review appointment
- can support you to self-manage and be in the driving seat of your health and wellbeing
It provides tips when preparing for your appointment and advice about how you can take an active part in the appointment.